Analysis of Proinflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients in Baghdad, Iraq

المجلة: Archives of Razi Institute

سنة النشر: 2023

تاريخ النشر: 2023-02-28

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Roles of interleukins (interleukin-18 and interleukin-17a) and transforming growth factor-beta markers in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney diseases

المجلة: Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research

سنة النشر: 2023

تاريخ النشر: 2023-07-28

In diabetes, microvascular damage often targets the kidney, making them the most crucial organ affected. Due to the disease itself or other accompanying health issues such as hypertension and nephron loss due to aging, a significant number of patients end up with kidney disease. The current research aimed to analyze the concentration of cytokines in the serum (Interleukin [IL]-18, IL-17a and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in Iraqi adult patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The current investigation was carried out in Tikrit Teaching Hospital/Salahaddin governorate for the time from October 2022 to January 2023. Sixty blood specimens were obtained from patients with DKD. Serum levels of IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β markers in the samples were subjected to measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results of the present study showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among different age categories of clinical populations with 51–60 and >60 years scoring highest (28% and 33%), whereas 21–30 and 31–40 years scored (8.3% and 13.3%). The concentration of IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β markers was high in patients (200.30 ± 59.50, 102.13 ± 50.82, and 57.15 ± 18.90) than in healthy individuals (104.50 ± 31.01, 42.90 ± 10.55, and 31.90 ± 8.83). Based on the Pearson’s correlation results, IL-17a had a significant negative correlation with TGF-β (r = −0.270* Sig. =0.037). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve showed the IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β markers scored the highest sensitivity (98%, 96%, and 87%) and specificity (94%, 97%, and 80%), respectively, in screening patients with DKD. Based on the analysis, it could be inferred that disease intensity generally tends to worsen with an increase in age. IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β are good prognostic markers in screening patients with DKD. These cytokines present a promising target for therapeutic interventions in DKD therapy.

Predictive role of IL-6 and NLR in screening Covid-19 patients with and without Anosmia

المجلة: International Tinnitus Journal

سنة النشر: 2024

تاريخ النشر: 2024-06-01

Background: In COVID-19 patients, a correlation was proposed between Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), IL-6 stages, and cytokine storm syndrome. Larger NLR and IL-6 concentrations are associated with faster case development and a greater likelihood of complications. However, the progression of the illness is milder in COVID-19 instances with anosmia. Objective: The objective of conducted research is detection predictive roles of IL-6 and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) markers in screening Covid-19 sufferers with and without anosmia. Material and Methods: The present investigation was occurred at Salah Al-Din Teaching Hospital in Tikrit, Iraq ‏ for period; January- June of 2022. 90 nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were collected from individuals who visit to hospital after discovered them by the specialist physician. COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups based on the incidence of anosmia. 45 blood samples were harvested from healthy individuals that considered them as a control group. Ages of study groups ranged from 8 to 85 years old. Corona virus infection was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), NLR by Complete Blood Count (CBC) machine, and IL-6 by Sandwich-ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immmunosorbent Assay) in study groups. Our results were analyzed by SPSS v. 23.0 and Graph pad prism v.6 statistical software programs. Results: Results of current study showed the age period 41-60 years scored highest percentages in all groups;(anosmia, without anosmia, and controls) while age period >80 scored lowest percentages in all groups with significant differences (p<0.5). Based on gender, males scored highest percentages in all groups than females with non-significant differences (p>0.05). Interleukin -6 (IL-6) scored significant (p<0.05) highest mean levels in patients without anosmia, followed by patients with anosmia, and then controls. On other hand, present investigation showed NLR scored statistical (p<0.05) highest mean levels in patients with anosmia, followed by patients without anosmia, and then controls. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve results showed the IL-6 and NLR indicators scored statistically (p<0.05) highest sensitivity (91% and 84%) and specificity (100% and 81%) at cut off values (>38.5 and >1.87) in diagnosis patients without anosmia. In similarity, ROC curve results showed the IL-6 and NLR indicators scored significant (p<0.05) highest sensitivity (91% and 90%) and specificity (71% and 89%) at cut off values (>34.63 and >1.99) in detection patients with anosmia. Finally, pearson correlation coefficient results showed there is positive significant correlation (r= 0.769** and P<0.01**) between IL-6 and NLR markers in Covid-19 patients. Conclusions: Anosmia is positive correlate with age progression in Covid-19 patients. Levels of IL-6 and NLR markers are strong association with anosmia in patients. These markers can inserted within laboratory profile in diagnosis Covid-19 patients (with and without anosmia) due it have high sensitivity and specificity. Finally, there is positive correlation between IL-6 and NLR.