Diagnosis and Biocontrol of Sporisorium scitamineum Associated with Whip Smut Sugarcane

المجلة: Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

سنة النشر: 2023

تاريخ النشر: 2023-08-22

Whip smut of sugarcane is the most serious and widely spread disease of sugarcane and causes a significant reduction in cane quantity and quality. This work aimed to assess the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and the variability between isolates of Sporisorium scitamineum causal agent of smut in sugarcane.

Factors affecting development of covered kernel and long smut diseases and yield losses of grain sorghum

المجلة: Journal of Sohag Agriscience (JSAS

سنة النشر: 2018

تاريخ النشر: 2018-08-09

Abstract Key words: Grain sorghum, Smuts, Inoculum, Cultivars, Yield Losses, Dates. Introduction Sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor linn. Moench) is the important grains crop for human being and animals in Upper Egypt, grain sorghum are attacked by certain smut diseases causing considerable losses in the grain yield. Covered kernel smut (CKS) caused by Sporisorium sorghi and long smut (LS) caused by Sporisorium ehrenbergii are one of the most significant diseases in sorghum production especially where untreated seed is planted. Results of this study showed that the high rates of inoculum of S. sorghi and S. ehrenbergii teliospores playing a great factor to increasing the infection with CKS and LS diseases and yield losses, while they reduced the yield of grains. Sorghum cultivars Giza-15 and Dorado differed in their ability to infection with these two types of CKS and LS respectively. Results revealed that due to infection by CKS disease Giza-15 (highly susceptible) recorded the lowest yield and highest yield losses (2.30 kg and 51.78%, respectively) and (2.25 kg and 52.22%, respectively) in both 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively. While Shandweel-305 cv. (highly resistant) recorded the highest yield and lowest yield losses (3.11 kg and 12.39%, respectively) and (3.15 kg and 11.26%, respectively) in both 2014 1nd 2015 seasons, respectively. Also, due to infection by LS disease, Dorado cv. (highly susceptible) recorded the lowest yield and highest yield losses (2.53 kg and 29.72%, respectively) and (2.56 kg and 30.99%, respectively) in both 2014 1nd 2015 seasons, respectively. While Shandweel-305 cv. (moderately resistant) recorded the highest yield and lowest yield losses (3.35 kg and 6.42%, respectively) and (3.33 kg and 3.47%, respectively) in both 2014 1nd 2015 seasons, respectively. Different planting dates (1st May, 1st June and 1st July of the early, optimal and late planting, respectively) also affected on the response of grain sorghum to infection by both smut diseases and yield losses. Therefore, adjustments to time of sowing often make it possible for sorghum to escape from smut diseases by ensuring that the crop is not in the most disease susceptible stage when smut inoculum is abundant and the weather favorable for infection and disease spread.

Effect of Certain Fungicides on the Development of Covered Kernel Smut and Long Smut Diseases and Yield Losses of Grain Sorghum

المجلة: Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research - SJAR

سنة النشر: 2019

تاريخ النشر: 2019-01-27

Sorghum plant (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench) is an important grains crop for human being and animals in Upper Egypt, grain sorghum is attacked by certain smut diseases causing considerable losses in the grain yield. Covered kernel smut (CKS) and long smut (LS) diseases are one of the most significant diseases in sorghum production especially where untreated seed is planted. Sorghum cultivars Giza-15 and Dorado differed in their ability to infection with these two types of CKS and LS respectively. High rates of Sporisorium sorghi and Sporisorium ehrenbergii teliospores playing great factor to increasing the two smuts diseases infection and yield losses, while it was reduced the yield of grain for the tested cultivars. The tested fungicides and sulfur decreased the percentages of infection of CKS and LS diseases and increased grain yield in both seasons 2014 and 2015 compared with the control. Vitavax fungicide was the most effective one followed by sulfur and Bavastin. Key words: Grain sorghum, Smuts, Fungicide, Yield losses.

Agro-Ecological Practice for Sustaining Higher Productivity of Fennel Plant Using Alley Cropping System and Endophytic Fungi

المجلة: Sustainability

سنة النشر: 2024

تاريخ النشر: 2024-01-18

Sustainable ecological agriculture is achieved by regulating the benefits of trees. The application of leguminous trees as alley cropping protects and increases soil fertility, improves the quality of water by intercepting pesticides, changes the local climate, improves biodiversity, and thus improves productivity. In order to evaluate the impact of alley cropping upon the growth and productivity attributes of fennel, an experiment was carried out during two seasons. The experiment included eight treatments. Fennel seeds were cultivated between Sesbania alleys and treated with N and endophytic fungi according to the eight treatments. After harvesting the fennel, different parameters were determined and biochemical analyses were conducted. All of the alley Citation: Hammad, S.A.; Bahnasy, M.I.; Alzamel, N.M.; Hussein, M.F.A.; Mahmoud, A.A.A.; Loutfy, N. Agro-Ecological Practice for Sustaining Higher Productivity of Fennel Plant Using Alley Cropping System and Endophytic Fungi. Sustainability 2024, 16, 5167. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125167 Academic Editors: Ioanna Kakabouki and Ioannis Roussis Received: 25 April 2024 Revised: 9 June 2024 Accepted: 9 June 2024 Published: 18 June 2024 Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). cropping treatments showedremarkablesuperiority in all measures of fennelgrowthandproductivity comparedtothesolecroptreatment. Amongthedifferentalleycroppingtreatments, applyingSesbania at 4 m spacing with N fertilizer and EF increased most of the studied parameters in terms of the least number of days from planting until harvesting of fennel, herb dry weight, number of umbels, fruit yield, essential oil, N, P, and K content, and pigments. In contrast, the highest plant height was recorded with fennel–Sesbania at 2 m spacing + N fertilizer + EF. Applying fennel–Sesbania at 6 m spacing + N fertilizer + EF treatment resulted in higher stem diameter and increased the number of main branches compared to the other treatments.