?????? ??????? (???????)

????? ???????? ???????
?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????/ ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????/ ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.(Bram, 2013).
??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????.( Johnson& Freeman, 2014).
???? ?? ?? ?????? (Sunders, 2014) ???? (Lage) ?????? (Hanover, 2013) ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????.
????? ????? ???????? ???????
??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????(???????? 2015):
-????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????.
- ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????????.
- ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ( ??? ??????? ????????).
- ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? (???? ?? ????) ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????? (?????? ???).
- ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????.
- ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????.
??? (Baker) ?????? ??????? (?????) ???? ??????? ?????? ???????: ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? (Bishop & Verleger) ???????? ??????? ??? ?????(Bishop& verleger, 2013):
????? ?????: ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ( ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????).
????? ??????: ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????.
?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????
???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? (?????? 2015) ???? ???? ??????? ??????:
- ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????????.
- ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????.
- ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????????.
- ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????.
- ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????.
- ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
- ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????.
??? ???????(Overmayer, 2012) ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????:
- ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????.
- ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????.
- ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????.
- ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????.
- ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????.
- ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????.
?? ??? ??? ?????? (Millard, 2012) ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????:
- ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????.
- ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? (?? ???? ?????) ?? ??? ????? (?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????) ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????.
- ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????.
- ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????.
- ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????
??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ( ?????? 2015) ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????:
1- ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????.
2- ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????.
3- ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? (Overmayer,2012)